He did not state the specific Chinese variety of his informant. 9 By 1910, there were written accounts in many languages, including French and Japanese.For the tile-matching solitaire game, see Mahjong Solitaire.
Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Chinese characters. It is commonly played by four players (with some three-player variations found in South Korea and Japan ). The game and its regional variants are widely played throughout Eastern and South Eastern Asia and have a small following in Western countries. Similar to the Western card game rummy, mahjong is a game of skill, strategy, and calculation and involves a degree of chance. In most variations, each player begins by receiving 13 tiles. In turn players draw and discard tiles until they complete a legal hand using the 14th drawn tile to form four groups ( melds ) and a pair (head). There are fairly standard rules about how a piece is drawn, how a piece is stolen from another player and thus melded, the use of simples (numbered tiles) and honors (winds and dragons), the kinds of melds, and the order of dealing and play. However, there are many regional variations in the rules; in addition, the scoring system and the minimum hand necessary to win varies significantly based on the local rules being used. However, most Mandarin-speaking Chinese now call the game mjing (). In Northern Wu Chinese ( Shanghainese and its relatives), it is pronounced as mo tsia, but in actuality, is the diminutive form of, written as mo tsia, due to an erhua event. It is through the Wu Chinese pronunciation of that the diminutive form of in Northern Wu became known as in both Mandarin and Wu. Each deck is divided into three suits of Cash or coins, Strings of cash, and Myriads of strings. In addition, there are three wild cards: Red flower, White flower, and Old thousand. Depending on the game, there are multiple copies of each card. The most likely ancestor to mahjong was pngh ( ) which was played with 120 or 150 cards. During the late 19th century, pngh was used interchangeably with mqu in both card and tile form. The earliest surviving tile sets date to around 1870 and were acquired in Fuzhou, Shanghai, and Ningbo. These sets differ from modern ones in several ways. In the Glover sets, there were no flower and f (green dragon) tiles. In their place were king tiles for heaven, earth, man, and harmony. In the contemporaneous Himly set, there were no zhng (red dragon) tiles too. Old Hong Kong Mahjong Plus An AdditionalInstead there were the Cash Flower, String Flower, and Myriad Flower plus an additional king tile, the king of everything. The function of the king tiles are uncertain, they may have acted as wild cards. They may have been removed as the tiles share the same titles as the leaders of the Taiping Rebellion (1850-1864). For example, Hong Xiuquan was the self-styled Heavenly King of Great Peace and his top subordinates were called east king, south king, west king, and north king. After the Cultural Revolution, the game was revived, without gambling elements, and the prohibition was revoked in 1985. Today, it is a favorite pastime in China 8 and other Chinese-speaking communities. He did not state the specific Chinese variety of his informant. ![]()
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